What constitutes a micronutrient deficiency?

Micronutrient deficiency occurs when an individual does not consume enough essential vitamins and minerals that the body needs to function properly. These nutrients, which include various vitamins (like A, C, D, E, and the B groups) and minerals (such as iron, calcium, and zinc), play vital roles in many bodily functions, including immune response, energy production, and bone health. When there is a lack of these essential nutrients in the diet, it can lead to various health issues, including impaired growth, weakened immunity, and chronic diseases.

In contrast, excessive intake of vitamins is indicative of toxicity rather than a deficiency. An abundance of carbohydrates does not relate to micronutrient status directly, as it pertains more to macronutrient intake. Lastly, normal nutrient levels are the absence of a deficiency, which indicates a balanced and adequate intake of essential nutrients rather than a lack. Thus, the correct option emphasizes the negative impact of insufficient intake of these vital components required for optimal health.