What is a consequence of high sodium intake on cardiovascular health?

High sodium intake is closely linked to an increased risk of heart disease, making this the correct choice. Excessive sodium can lead to high blood pressure, as it causes the body to retain fluid, increasing the volume of blood that the heart must pump. Over time, this elevated blood pressure can result in damage to blood vessels, leading to conditions such as atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), heart attack, and stroke.

In contrast, lower cholesterol levels, improved blood circulation, and increased energy are not typical consequences of high sodium consumption. Instead, a diet high in sodium is more likely to have adverse effects on cardiovascular health, primarily by exacerbating hypertension and contributing to various heart-related issues.