What is the definition of malnutrition?

Malnutrition is defined as a condition that arises from nutrient deficiencies or excesses, which disrupt normal bodily functions. This definition encompasses a broad spectrum of nutritional imbalances, indicating that both not consuming enough essential nutrients and consuming too many can lead to malnutrition.

When a person's diet lacks vital nutrients like vitamins, minerals, proteins, carbohydrates, or fats, it can severely impact their overall health and body functions. Conversely, an excess of certain nutrients, such as excessive calories or unhealthy fats, can also lead to detrimental health conditions like obesity and chronic diseases. Thus, the emphasis on both deficiencies and excesses captures the comprehensive nature of malnutrition, making this definition accurate and applicable in clinical and nutritional contexts.

The other options present narrower aspects of nutrition-related issues but do not fully encapsulate the term "malnutrition." For instance, excessive calorie intake may lead to obesity but does not address the broader implications of nutrient deficiencies. A temporary state of low energy could be due to many factors unrelated to nutrition, and an improved nutritional state after changes indicates recovery rather than the definition of malnutrition itself.