What percentage of calories must be consumed orally before stopping total parenteral nutrition (TPN)?

The correct choice reflects a common guideline in the gradual transition from total parenteral nutrition (TPN) to oral feeding. Specifically, the recommendation is to continue TPN until the patient can consume approximately 60% of their caloric needs orally. This percentage of oral intake is generally considered sufficient for providing adequate nutrition without compromising the patient's energy and nutrient levels.

The rationale behind the 60% threshold is that it allows for a safe and effective weaning process from parenteral nutrition. When a patient reaches this level of oral intake, the gastrointestinal system has typically demonstrated adequate function, and they can tolerate a significant portion of their nutritional needs through food. This transition helps to minimize the risk of potential complications associated with both prolonged TPN use, such as infections, metabolic issues, and liver complications, as well as challenges related to reintroducing oral feeding.

Transitioning before reaching this threshold may lead to underfeeding, which can impact recovery and overall health. Thus, the 60% target helps ensure that the patient is prepared for complete dietary independence while still receiving enough support from TPN during the transition.