Which type of foods should be avoided by patients taking ACE inhibitors like captopril?

Patients taking ACE inhibitors, such as captopril, should avoid foods high in potassium. This is because ACE inhibitors can increase potassium levels in the blood, leading to hyperkalemia, a condition characterized by an excess of potassium. Hyperkalemia can have serious health implications, such as heart rhythm disturbances, which can be life-threatening.

When the kidneys are unable to excrete excess potassium, dietary sources of potassium from foods can exacerbate the condition. Hence, it is advisable for patients on these medications to monitor and limit their intake of potassium-rich foods, which include bananas, oranges, potatoes, and spinach. Managing potassium intake helps ensure that blood levels remain in a safe range while on ACE inhibitors.

In terms of the other options, while a healthy diet remains important, foods high in protein, fiber, or carbohydrates do not pose the same risk for patients taking ACE inhibitors as potassium does.